[Your Name], MD, PhD¹; [Co‑author Name], MD²; [Co‑author Name], PhD³
[Your Name], MD, PhD Email: your.email@university.edu Abstract Background: Hyperventilation is a common physiologic response to metabolic, psychogenic, and neurologic stressors. Existing classifications lack granularity in distinguishing sub‑phenotypes that differ in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and response to therapy. The “Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR‑” (Ventilatory‑Oscillatory‑Sympathetic‑Thermoregulatory‑Respiratory) framework proposes five distinct mechanistic axes to better characterize acute hyperventilatory events. Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR-
Baseline characteristics were balanced (Table 1). Baseline characteristics were balanced (Table 1)
¹ Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, City, Country ² Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, City, Country ³ Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Science, City, Country Symptom resolution within 30 min occurred in 84
The VOSTFR‑ score demonstrated excellent discriminative ability for underlying mechanisms (AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.85–0.93). Axis‑specific treatment reduced median time to PaCO₂ normalization from 18 min (standard care) to 9 min (intervention) (p < 0.001). Symptom resolution within 30 min occurred in 84 % of the intervention group versus 56 % of controls (RR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.23–1.83). No serious adverse events were observed.