Programming For Problem Solving Notes Pdf Link

char str[] = "Hello"; // null terminated: 'H','e','l','l','o','\0' strlen() , strcpy() , strcat() , strcmp() , strchr() 11. Structures & Unions Structure: groups different data types.

scanf("%d", &x); // read printf("Value: %d", x); // print Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, % Relational: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >= Logical: && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT) Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc. Increment/Decrement: ++, -- (prefix/postfix)

| Type | Size (approx) | Format Specifier | |------|--------------|------------------| | int | 2/4 bytes | %d | | float| 4 bytes | %f | | char | 1 byte | %c | | double| 8 bytes | %lf | programming for problem solving notes pdf

if (condition) // code; else if (cond2) // code; else // code;

return_type function_name(parameters) // body return value; (NOT) Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc

for loop: for(init; condition; update) while loop: while(condition) do-while loop: do while(condition); → executes at least once.

break (exit loop/switch), continue (skip iteration), goto (jump to label – avoid when possible). 7. Arrays One-dimensional: arr[0] = 10

// variable declarations // statements return 0;

() → ++ -- → * / % → + - → < > <= >= → == != → && → || → = 5. Conditional Statements if-else:

int arr[5] = 1,2,3,4,5; arr[0] = 10; // index 0-based